Experiences of a common man!

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साहित्य सर्जकको साङ्केतिक चित्र A symbolic image of a writer creating literature

Salutations to Creators who Cultivate Literature from Thoughts

The Planting of Thought

The movie Inception is about the planting of an “idea”—a thought. In it, a team enters someone’s dream and plants an idea in their mind, which then spreads like a virus. Interestingly, the person thinks the idea is their own. They believe no one but them could have thought it.

Likewise, our thoughts don’t come entirely from within either. For most people, personal struggles, society, the stories we see, hear, or read, and even fantasies plant various types of thoughts. For instance, I had a horrific news had inspired me to write I am the Devil. Meanwhile, the setting and the climax of What’s the Point? were based on my dream. Thoughts and ideas that enter the minds of writers grow in such a way that they cause unrest until they are written or turned into something. Yet, no matter how compelling the thoughts may be, most don’t become literature. Even prolific writers don’t write down everything that comes to mind.

Why Don’t All Thoughts Become Literature? What Blocks Them?

Both the individual and their society can become obstacles in literary creation. Most people don’t set aside time to write. When distracted by other work, unrecorded thoughts vanish, and the urge to write fades. Some people feel too lazy to write.

Society is also changing rapidly. What’s considered acceptable today may be deemed wrong tomorrow. In this way, some thoughts become irrelevant. Due to changes in perspective, writers often refrain from writing about old ideas.

Writer’s Block

The hardest part of writing is simply “getting started.” One of the most common problems faced by writers—especially those working on large literary projects—is writer’s block. This is a state in which, despite a strong desire to write, the writer is unable to do so. It can hit at any point—before beginning or midway through writing.

Recently, Paathshala writer Tirtha Gurung tweeted about experiencing this. George R. R. Martin, whose books were adapted into the hit series Game of Thrones, has long struggled to finish the final volumes.

Causes of writer’s block include:

  1. Fear of not being able to write as envisioned (the perfectionist trap).
  2. Doubt about completing the work.
  3. Fear of rejection in new writers; fear of disappointing fans in established ones.
  4. Emotional resistance when trying to articulate unspoken thoughts.
  5. The writer’s financial, social, or mental state.

How to Overcome Writer’s Block

In a conversation, George R. R. Martin, known as a perfectionist, asked Stephen King, “How do you write so much so quickly?” King’s simple but powerful reply was, “I write every day.”

King follows a rule: write at least six pages (2,000 words) daily—without worrying whether it’s good or bad. After completing the first draft of a novel, he lets it rest for a month and a half. During that time, he travels or writes something else. Then, he returns to revise the earlier draft.

King’s habits offer useful tips:

  1. Write regularly.
  2. Put thoughts on paper, no matter how they come out.
  3. Edit and revise later.

There’s a saying: “If nothing is written, there’s nothing to revise.” Of course, this is easier said than done.

In the Japanese animated film Whisper of the Heart, Shizuku dreams of becoming a writer. An elderly man named Nishi gives her a stone embedded with an emerald. After reading her first draft, he says, “You’ve mined a raw stone with effort. To polish it into a gem, you still need to work very hard.”

Original or Imitation?

Getting a literary work published professionally isn’t easy. Editors provide feedback on everything from spelling to plot structure. Writers go through multiple rewrites.

I once saw a photo on author Buddhisagar’s Facebook page of a huge stack of Karnali Blues drafts. Gabriel García Márquez’s first draft of One Hundred Years of Solitude was reportedly very different from the final book.

Reading such polished masterpieces can inspire new writers—but it can also be discouraging. Why?

  1. It makes them feel their ideas aren’t original.
  2. Our taste often evolves faster than our skill.

They say that nothing in this world is truly “original.” But that doesn’t mean new ideas can’t emerge. And if originality isn’t possible, imitation is a fallback.

But caution is needed. In art and literature, there’s an old rule:

“Imitating one person is plagiarism. Imitating a hundred is art.”
And another:
“Imitate so well that no one realises it’s imitation.”

The Path of a Writer

In Whisper of the Heart, when Shizuku says she wants to be a writer, her father replies:

“You’ve chosen a rare and difficult path. You’ll have to take responsibility for it yourself.”

Most writers’ lives aren’t easy. Internal conflict, family discord, social pressures from having different perspectives, and financial struggles are common.

Many writers have very few friends. Some brilliant authors have suffered from depression. The events surrounding the suicide of Bhairav Aryal, Nepal’s king of satirical literature, are heartbreaking. So too are the mental torments of Ryunosuke Akutagawa, the father of Japanese short stories.

After enduring inner turmoil, self-doubt, and numerous struggles, writers finally present their thoughts to readers. Only a few find financial success. Some readers don’t appreciate the ideas or their presentation. Sometimes, readers fail to even grasp the writer’s thinking. Some expect writers to express only the kinds of ideas they personally prefer. In extreme cases, books are torn or even burned by readers. Such acts are painful to see and hear about.

Of course, not everything written is good. Some books are written purely to spread propaganda or hatred. To expose such works, one must still read them.

Final Words

Salutations to all the writers who, without worrying much about success or failure, endure countless struggles and illuminate the world with the light of their thoughts!

(You can read the Nepali version of the article here.)

INTERPLAY BETWEEN PROGRESS AND TRADITION IN SOCIETY

In the evolution of societies, the interplay between progress and tradition is a recurring theme. Choices between innovation and cultural preservation mire communities and are often in conflict with shifting identities, values, and aspirations. This tension not only influences policy-making and economic growth but also deeply affects the lives of individuals and the cohesion of communities.

Progress represents the desire for a better future. It is alluring in the sense that it promises to end traditional fears of poverty and economic stagnation. It also promotes innovation, bringing shifts from traditional practices to newer ones. Progressive ideas move societies to a newer path than tradition can offer.

Tradition, however, is a representation of old values and customs transferred from one generation to another. It is the collection of morals, ethics, and lifestyles that have continued for thousands of years. Tradition is the mirror through which culture can be viewed. When there is something new going on but there is also a desire to keep sticking to old traditions, there arises conflict. Such a conflict may arise at an individual level, for instance, trying to move from one technology to the next; in families, for example, trying to shift from traditional joint to nuclear; and also in societies, striving to adopt new philosophies that challenge the old established themes.

In Nepal, for instance, there have been conflicts in preserving tradition while also moving forward using technology. Urbanisation has brought tensions among the people as they want services they get in cities, but they also carry the nostalgia of village lives. Rapid technological change has benefitted the rich and the powerful, creating gaps between them and the marginalised communities. Where traditional thoughts have benefitted the elites, they have chosen to stagnate society and refuse technological advancements. The desire for the new generation to adopt new technology but the older generations’ refusal to do so is one of the causes of conflict.

Maintaining a balance between tradition and progress, thus, is an enormous challenge to policymakers. They have to keep traditionalists happy while also moving forward to better policies and innovations. Since societies deeply rooted in traditions are often stagnant, it is necessary to identify the major drives to carry them forward. For instance, the preservation of cultures of Newa tradition through the use of technology such as photos, videos, and digitalisation has not only supported tradition but also adopted technological progress. Therefore, policymakers should be able to identify the unique desires of the people following the traditions while supporting innovation.

Societies have incorporated both tradition and progress since they both represent our willingness to preserve ancient teachings, philosophies, and cultures while shaping the path for future generations. Although it could be difficult to strike a perfect balance between tradition and progress, bringing them together through dialogues, innovative policies, and practices yields a better society.

Conflict Management for Positive Transformation: Examples From Literature and History

Conflict, whether external or internal, is a driving force for transformation. It brings out the truths and vulnerabilities of individuals, communities, and societies. When these vulnerabilities are managed, conflict results in positive change. The role of conflict in transformation is a permanent theme in literature, a recurring example in history, and a profound truth for an individual.

Conflict and Transformation in Literature

Conflict brings out the best as well as the worst in an individual. This can be seen clearly in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. Raskolnikov, in the early chapters of the novel, possesses a view that “extraordinary men” can transcend morality and commit crimes. His poor financial situation leads him to think that killing the pawnbroker, who was probably cheating him, would be for the “greater good”. After he commits the crime, however, he is consumed by guilt, fear, and paranoia. He can come out of it once he realises through Sonia’s love that his past philosophy was flawed, and he prepares for a more peaceful life.

The idea of “extraordinary man” bringing a great conflict is also explored in Frank Herbert’s Dune series. When the Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV sends the Atreides, the rulers of Caladan, to the desert planet Arrakis (aka Dune), replacing the Harkonnens, the conflict between them reaches a tipping point. The conflict escalates when Paul Atreides, fuelled by his desire for revenge against the family rivals, Harkonnens and the Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV, exploits the myths of Lisan Al-Gaib and frees the Fremen from slavery. However, the savoir complex in him leads to a Jihad that kills over 61 million humans. He also justifies this catastrophe as a necessary action to end people’s admiration for messianic figures and hero worship. The chronicles clearly show how conflicts unmanaged through generations can result in huge losses. It also shows how the resolution of conflict brings out the best in humanity as they set to explore the universe on their own, discarding the need for a messiah.

Perhaps the best depiction of unmanaged family conflict leading into global warfare is the battle of the Mahabharata. The five sons of Pandu (Pandavas) and the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra (Kauravas) face each other in this family feud along with their allies from around the globe. The origin of the conflict has a root, however, when Devbrata (Bhishma) takes vows to refuse the throne and remain celibate to please his father, Shantanu, and his stepmother, Satyavati. This act robs Hastinapur of its strong ruler and the true male heir.

When his half-brothers, Chitrangad and Vichitravirya, die early, the male lineage of the Kuru dynasty genetically. However, through niyoga, Dhritarashtra and Pandu are born. Although Dhritarashtra is the eldest, he is denied the throne because of his blindness. Pandu becomes a king, despite his weak, sickly body. However, he soon leaves the palace after being cursed by a sage to die if he engages in a sexual act. Despite his restraints, Pandu succumbs to his desires and dies. He is not without heirs, though. Through a mantra, his wives Kunti and Madri have given birth to five divine sons. In Hastinapur, Dhritarashtra is crowned as the king. He promises his eldest son, Duryodhan, to pass on the throne and starts preparing accordingly.

Dhritarashtra’s repressed desires for power manifest into bitterness when Kunti returns with her sons. The fact that her eldest, Yudhisthir, is older than Duryodhan means that Yudhisthir was a challenger for the throne. The Kauravas become bitter, and although everyone knows of this, nobody takes action to bring the Pandavas and Kauravas to negotiations and solve the conflict. The brewing tensions escalate after the Draupadi, the common wife of the Pandavas, is brought to the court and disrobed. This episode makes the war inevitable and peace impossible.

The aftermath of the war shows the victors, Pandavas, distressed and sort of lost. They try, however, to sustain their kingdom as much as possible, setting the foundation for the next generation to come.

Conflict and Transformation in History

Examples of leadership arising from conflict are also evident from history. Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi’s experiences in South Africa changed his attitude towards the British, and he became one of the major freedom fighters for independent India. Similarly, apartheid in Africa gave rise to Nelson Mandela, and racial discrimination brought about leadership qualities in Rosa Park, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X.

In Nepal, too, the decade-long armed conflict between the Mablets and the government brought into light the discrimination of upper caste over lower caste, cultural suppression, and lack of opportunities for the backward communities. The Comprehensive Peace Accord 2006, the Constitution of Nepal 2015, and many other agreements have addressed the marginalisation and put forth mechanisms to solve the issues.

Conflict at an individual level


At an individual level, conflict can help one identify their truths and vulnerabilities. Conflicts can arise when a person has set up certain ideals and wants to follow them. When reality shatters their ideals, they feel weak and can’t accept reality. However, acceptance of reality and confrontation of harsh truths make one stronger. This also gives them a way forward in life.

I too have faced several problems where I feel like I am at a crossroads. When I left my job for preparation of PSC exams, I had no idea where I would go. However, it also made me ambitious and target-orientated. The strong sense of. “I must do it” helped me crack an exam at one level.

Conclusion

The role of conflict in transformation is, thus, a universal phenomenon. However, we should also be careful, for conflict can not only be transformative but also destructive. Sometimes, oversight can make us believe that conflict has no negative effect, but it can turn out to be so. When left unmitigated, conflict destroys individuals, splits families, weakens societies, and collapses countries. Therefore, it is wise to handle conflict as a double-edged sword and work out ways to bring transformation rather than destruction. Literature, history, and individual experiences have revealed that struggle is the source of transformation. Conflict forces individuals and societies to confront their limitations, reimagine possibilities, and evolve. Whether through the internal torment of a character like Raskolnikov, the sociopolitical struggles of the Maoist movement, or individual experiences, conflict is the engine of transformation, propelling humans toward growth and renewal.

Welcoming the Monsoon

Kathmandu has been wet this year. It rained throughout April and May only to be called pre-Monsoon by Meteorologists. Monsoon has just arrived and they say it will rain as much as it should.

On Sunday morning, the typical Monsoon clouds poured–the soft drizzle that comes down without much noise. It was fun walking in the rain with an umbrella over my head.

The rain stopped before I reached college. I put the umbrella in the corridor for drying, complained with my friends how it rained and ruined every morning, and attended my classes.

Later that day, I realized I lost my umbrella. It was a new one my Mom had bought less than a fortnight ago. She murmured about how careless I had been. She had the right to be angry. What would I do without a good umbrella this Monsoon? All I could do was say, “Let it be. If it’s gone, we won’t get it back lamenting.

I had lost it. But where?

“It was in the corridor,” you might say but I didn’t tell you that I had folded it as we went away to a canteen for lunch. I remembered taking the umbrella there but could not remember carrying it back. If the canteen owner had found it, it would be safe. If somebody else had found it, it would be gone.

Thankfully, I got the umbrella from the owner. She had kept it! I was speechless because I had not thought I would get the umbrella again. She brought me to senses by asking for a “Thank you”. (I was about to thank her anyway!) So, I thanked her.

On Scientific Inquisition

We humans have always been guided by two fundamental systems: Faith and Science. Faith implores us to live life as it is and accept what comes in life as the will of God or fate. It has its own pros and cons, which I shall not discuss here. Science, on the other hand, urges us to transcend the boundaries that are created by our surrender to the fate. The advancement in medicine and technology is the result of inquisitive minds who studied the nature and imagined what else they could do with the knowledge they gained. They also disseminated the knowledge they obtained so that it would not be lost with time.

Suppression of knowledge and scientific inquisition in Europe during the Middle Age (5th to15th century) led to numerous wars, widespread famine and submission to fate. During this period in the history of humanity, also known as the Dark Age, several scientific discoveries are said to have lost. Scientists were termed “heretics” by the Church and were executed. The Renaissance Period, of which the Republic of Florence and Leonardo da Vinci are central, gave rise to art and through it, promotion of scientific discoveries, inventions and rediscoveries.

In the ancient Indian sub-continent (most of the times attributed to the Indus Valley Civilization), the Vedas and Upavedas, and later the Upanishads promoted the culture of scientific and logical discourse. Proverb such as Vaade Vaade Jaayate Tatwabodha (वादे वादे जायते तत्वबोध:), i.e. knowledge is gained through debates is alone sufficient to understand the importance of discourses in order to discover the truth of the world. The knowledge however came under the control of few people on the administration for centuries. The lack of effective dissemination of the ancient wisdom has created a lot of problems in the sub-continent.

Scientific discoveries have made things possible that were treated only as imagination in the past. The discovery of sea-routes brought people closer, the invention of aeroplane reduced the time for the journeys between different parts of the world, the invention of telegraph and telephone changed the way messages were shared. On the basic principles of navigation, aerodynamics and telecommunication, the humanity has moved from the Age of Cultivation to Age of Global Communication.

Not just that, humanity has also given up the instant submission to fate. In the Dark Age, Black Plague killed thousands of people in Europe. Venice, because of the lack of burial grounds, suffered the most. Instead of contemplating that the disease was spreading through the canals, they believed they were suffering the wrath of God and their loss was God’s will. In the modern age, humans do not readily submit to Faith when they encounter diseases. They investigate the disease, their causes and work on the vaccines and inoculation.

As students of Geology, a branch of science, we have gained some fundamental knowledge about the Earth and how it works during the four-year B.Sc. programme. We have learnt to observe the rocks and soils, to ask what they are and why they are there. We have familiarized ourselves with the Earth processes and the benefits and the problems they bring. We have studied about natural hazards and some ways to mitigate them. We can strive to learn more and publicize what we know. We can make the world a better place.

There is no doubt that the Earthquake of 2072 B.S. (2015) gave rise to a mass awareness about how that particular earthquake occurred. Some people used to say, with much politicisation, “There are two plates: Indian and Chinese. The Indian plate moves to the North to encroach the Chinese plate. Nepal is in middle. That was why the earthquake occurred.”

While I myself tried to remove politics whenever I could, there is a mass of people who believe the above statement to be true. They are right that Nepal lies in between two plates. But most of them are not aware what “plate” really is and that the Earth’s lithosphere is made of a number of plates. As a student of Geology, I feel that we have a lot to do to make the public aware of what the plates are and how they are formed.

We, ourselves however should be ready to face skepticism. Science is not a belief system. Whenever scientists come across hypotheses and theories, they first question, “Is it true? What are the evidences?” A hypothesis can become a major theory if evidences support it. The theory of Plate Tectonics is a common example. If the evidences from submarine navigation and Paleomagnetic studies had not been available, the theory would still have remained a hypothesis. Similarly, if a new hypothesis can challenge and prove that it is stronger than an existing theory, the existing theory, even if popular, will be discarded.

Many people put a blame upon science for the problems we’ve been facing. Sure, guns and bombs have been developed by science and are being used to inflict terrors. Nuclear weapons have threatened the existence of our dear home itself. The knowledge of making explosives and harnessing nuclear energy was not bad itself. Gunpowder and dynamite were used in construction works, and nuclear energy has become an important source of energy in many nations. That’s why I firmly believe that it’s not science that is faulty. The fault is on our crooked desire of using knowledge that we have.

In short, as a student of science, I appeal to everyone to gain right knowledge from the nature, from each other and from what our ancestors have passed on to us. I urge everyone to deliver the knowledge to the public and to the generations to come. Because only with the right knowledge, we the make the world a better place.

[The above article was intended to be the editorial for GEOWORLD Students’ Magazine, Vol. 8, 2017. It was heavily cut in the magazine for the sake of relevance and space]

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